Taming the Monster: How can Open Education Promote the Effective and Safe use of Generative AI in Education?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v11i3.1657

Keywords:

Open Education (OE), Open Educational Resources (OER), Open Educational Practices (OEP), Generative AI (GenAI), Large Language Models (LLMs), ChatGPT learning, SMS

Abstract

The development, use, and timely promotion of Open Education (OE) has been effective in addressing myriad educational concerns, including inclusivity, accessibility and learning achievement, among many others. However, limited information exists in the literature concerning how OE could enhance Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), which is receiving extensive interest and criticism at this time. To address this research gap, this study relies on the Open Educational Practices (OEP) framework of Huang et al. (2020) to provide various OEP scenarios that could help to promote and facilitate the effective and safe adoption of GenAI in education. The findings of this study could provide guidelines on how relying on OEP when adopting GenAI could help in ensuring quality education which is the sustainable development goal (SDG 4) of the United Nations (UN).

Author Biographies

Ahmed Tlili, Beijing Normal University

Ahmed Tlili is an Associate Professor at Beijing Normal University, China. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at An-Najah University, Palestine, and a Visiting Professor at the Research Institute UNIR iTED (Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR, Spain). He is the Co-Director of the OER Lab at the Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University (SLIBNU), China. Dr. Tlili is also an expert at the Arab League Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (ALECSO). He serves as the Editor of the Springer Series Future Education and Learning Spaces and the Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Smart Learning Environments journal. He is also the Associate Editor of the IEEE Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology and the Journal of the e-Learning and Knowledge Society. He has edited several special issues in several journals, and has published several books as well as academic papers in international refereed journals and conferences. He was awarded the Martin Wolpers 2021 Prize by the Research Institute for Innovation and Technology in Education (UNIR iTED) in recognition for excellence in research, education, and significant impact on society, and the IEEE TCLT Early Career Researcher Award in Learning Technologies for 2020. Email: ahmed.tlili23@yahoo.com

Michael Agyemang Adarkwah, Institute for Education and Culture, Chair of Adult Education, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany

Michael Agyemang Adarkwah is a Research Associate at the Institute for Education and Culture, at the Chair of Adult Education, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany. His habilitation is on the application and implication of learning technologies in adult education in this artificial intelligence (AI) era with a focus on challenges, policy, and best practices. He was a Postdoctoral Researcher at Smart Learning Institute, Beijing Normal University (BNU), China. He obtained his Ph.D. in Education Leadership and Management from Southwest University, China, has a master’s degree in Educational Administration and Leadership and a bachelor of science degree in Nursing from Valley View University, Ghana. He worked as a Registered Nurse (RGN) in Ghana. He has given keynote speeches on Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education at the University of Portsmouth-Kaplan Symposium, the University of Ghana, Philippine Normal University (The National Center for Teacher Education) and Mariano Marcos State University (Comparative Education and Students Critical Leadership Society). His research interests are teaching and learning, motivation, assessment, digitalisation, computers and education, adult education, special education, online learning, and healthcare education. He has Edited three Springer books on Design in Education, Educational Robotics, and AI in Education (AIED). He is an International Peer Reviewer and serves on the editorial board of multiple journals. He served as a Guest Editor for the International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning. He is an Associate Editor for SN Social Sciences, Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching (JALT), and the Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice (JUTLP). Email: adarkwahmichael1@gmail.com

Chung Kwan Lo, Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Chung Kwan Lo is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Information Technology at the Education University of Hong Kong. His primary research interests include mathematics education, technology-enhanced learning (e.g., flipped learning, gamification, AI-support learning), student engagement, and teacher professional development. His work is published in leading journals, such as Computers & Education, Interactive Learning Environments, Smart Learning Environments, and the International Journal of Science. Email: chungkwanlo@eduhk.hk

Aras Bozkurt, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Türkiye

Aras Bozkurt is a researcher and faculty member at Anadolu University, Türkiye. With MA and PhD degrees in distance education, Dr. Bozkurt's work focuses on empirical studies in areas such as distance education, online learning, networked learning, and educational technology. He applies critical theories like connectivism, rhizomatic learning, and heutagogy to his research. Dr. Bozkurt is also interested in emerging research paradigms, including social network analysis, sentiment analysis, and data mining. Dr. Bozkurt's studies also cover the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into educational processes in the axis of human-machine interaction. His dedication to advancing the field is reflected in his editorial roles as the Editor-in-Chief of Open Praxis and the Asian Journal of Distance Education, as well as his roles as an associate editor for prestigious journals like Higher Education Research and Development, Online Learning, eLearn Magazine, and Computer Applications in Engineering Education. Email: arasbozkurt@gmail.com 

Daniel Burgos, Research Institute for Innovation & Technology in Education (UNIR iTED), Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, La Rioja, Spain

Daniel Burgos works as President/Rector of MIU City University Miami (USA) and Vice-rector for International Research, at Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR). In addition, he holds a UNESCO Chair on eLearning and is the Director of the Research Institute for Innovation & Technology in Education (UNIR iTED). He has implemented more than 80 European and worldwide R&D projects and published more than 270 scientific papers, 60 books and special issues, and 11 patents. He holds 13 Doctorate and PhD degrees, including Computer Science and Education. He is a visiting professor at universities on the five continents. He works as a consultant for the United Nations (UNECE), the University of the United Nations (UNU-Flores), ICESCO, the European Commission and Parliament, and the Russian Academy of Science. His interests are mainly focused on Educational Technology & Innovation, including Personalised and Informal eLearning, Learning Analytics & AI in Education, Open Education & Science, eGames, and eLearning Specifications. Email: daniel.burgos@unir.net

Curtis J. Bonk, Department of Instructional Systems Technology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

Curtis J. Bonk is a Professor in the School of Education at Indiana University (IU) teaching psychology and technology courses and Adjunct in the School of Informatics at IU. He is a former software entrepreneur, certified public accountant, corporate controller, and educational psychologist who presently is an educational technologist, award-winning writer, highly published researcher, statewide and national awardee in innovative teaching with technology, and internationally acclaimed presenter. Curt is the author of over 400 publications and has given close to 2,000 talks around the world. He has 20 widely used technology and learning related books, such as Transformative Teaching Around the World (which received an Outstanding Book Award in 2023 from AECT), Engaging Online Language Learners, The World Is Open, Empowering Online Learning, The Handbook of Blended Learning, Electronic Collaborators, Adding Some TEC-VARIETY, which is free as an e-book (http://tec-variety.com/), and MOOCs and Open Education Around the World as well as MOOCs and Open Education in the Global South (www.moocsbook.com/). In 2020, Curt was awarded the IU President’s Award for Excellence in Teaching and Learning Technology and in 2021, he received the David H. Jonassen Excellence in Research Award. Recently, the American Educational Research Association named him a 2022 AERA Fellow for his exceptional contributions to, and excellence in, education research, and in 2023 AERA recognized him with the Outstanding International Research Collaboration Award. Curt co-hosts the weekly award-winning podcast show, Silver Lining for Learning (https://silverliningforlearning.org/). He can be contacted at cjbonk@indiana.edu and his homepage is http://curtbonk.com/ Email: cjbonk@indiana.edu

Eamon Costello, DCU Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland

Eamon Costello is an associate professor of Digital Learning at Dublin City University. His research spans speculative pedagogy, critical pedagogy, open educational practices and deep investigations of the technologies that allow us to wander between human-centred and posthuman learning environments. His work seeks to explore the intersection of technology and education, emphasising creative, ethical approaches to teaching and learning so that students and educators can realise more inclusive and imaginative educational experiences and spaces. Email: eamon.costello@dcu.ie

Sanjaya Mishra, Commonwealth of Learning, Canada

Sanjaya Mishra is one of the leading scholars in open, distance, and online learning with extensive experience in teaching, staff development, research, policy development, innovation, and organisational development. With a multi-disciplinary background in education, information science, communication media, and learning and development, Dr Mishra promotes the use of educational multimedia, eLearning, open educational resources (OER), and open access to scientific information to increase access to quality education and lifelong learning for all. He has designed and developed award-winning online courses and platforms, such as the Understanding Open Educational Resources, Commonwealth Digital Education Leadership Training in Action, and COLCommons. He currently serves as Education Specialist (TEL) at the Commonwealth of Learning (COL). He has previously served as Director (Education) at COL, Director of Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia, and Programme Specialist (ICT in Education, Science and Culture) at UNESCO. Email: smishra.col@gmail.com

Christian M. Stracke, University IT and Data Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Christian M. Stracke developed interdisciplinary expertise in research, education and management in leading international large-scale projects (budgets over 50 million euros and up to 200+ researchers) and published over 200 scientific publications on his main research fields: Open Education, Artificial Intelligence, Technology-Enhanced Learning, Competence Building, Impact Assessment and Educational Policies (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-8298). He consults for many educational institutions, international ministries and global organisations including UNESCO, Council of Europe, European Commission and European Parliament. As a member of the AI&ED Expert Group appointed by the Council of Europe, he works on the upcoming European law for the use of AI in education. Christian is coordinator for the cloud strategy at the University of Bonn and establishing the research lab for Open Education and AI at the scientific University IT and Data Center Bonn. He is co-founder of the UNESCO Unitwin Network on Open Education (UNOE) and holds a PhD in Economics and Informatics, a Magister Artium (MA) in Educational Sciences as well as professorships at the East China Normal University in Shanghai and the Korean National Open University in Seoul. His website: http://www.opening-up.education. Email: stracke@uni-bonn.de

Ronghuai Huang, Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University

Ronghuai Huang is a Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (BNU). He currently serves as the Co-Dean of the Smart Learning Institute of BNU and the Director of the National Engineering Research Center of Cyberlearning and Intelligent Technology. He also holds the UNESCO Chair on AI in Education and oversees the Educational Informatization Strategy Research Base under China’s Ministry of Education. Prof. Huang’s main research areas include educational informatization theory and its international dissemination, technology-supported innovative teaching models, smart learning environments, and AI in social governance. He has also made notable advancements in educational technology, particularly in developing learning theories and leveraging AI to improve educational experiences. In addition to his academic roles, he founded the International Association of Smart Learning Environments and serves as Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Computers in Education and Smart Learning Environment, both of which have achieved high impact factor scores. He also holds several key positions in his professional fields, such as Secretary General of the Expert Group on Educational Informatization and Member of the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence Technology Innovation at China’s Ministry of Education, as well as Chair of the Academic Committee of the China Educational Technology Association, among other roles. Email: huangrh@bnu.edu.cn

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Published

2024-11-19

How to Cite

Tlili, A., Agyemang Adarkwah, M., Lo, C. K., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Bonk, C. J., Costello, E., Mishra, S., Stracke, C. M., & Huang, R. (2024). Taming the Monster: How can Open Education Promote the Effective and Safe use of Generative AI in Education?. Journal of Learning for Development, 11(3), 398–413. https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v11i3.1657

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024): ISSUE 3

Section

Invited Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmed Tlili, Michael Agyemang Adarkwah, Chung Kwan Lo, Aras Bozkurt, Daniel Burgos, Curtis J. Bonk, Eamon Costello, Sanjaya Mishra; Christian M. Stracke; Ronghuai Huang

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Received 2024-08-20
Accepted 2024-10-11
Published 2024-11-19